Upgrading the CPU in a 2009 Mac Pro

From 4 to 6 cores

I originally wrote this post on Medium several years ago, but I’ve decided to move it here. It has been very popular and these Mac Pros are becoming old enough to be considered retro by some.

For many years, I was the proud owner of a 2009 Mac Pro¹, which I’d owned since 2010. I owned this Mac longer than any other prior Mac² which might explain why the one upgradable Mac that Apple does make is incredibly expensive: they get fewer sales of new hardware if you upgrade your current hardware.

About the 2009 Mac Pro

This Mac Pro was a single-CPU, quad-core 2.93Ghz model (Intel Xeon W3540) with the ATI Radeon HD 4870 video card. Over the years I upgraded it with several SSDs and to 32GB RAM. Adding drives to this Mac Pro is super easy. I even had one SSD in the 2nd optical drive slot and another mounted on a PCI card (the OWC Mercury Accelsior S). Plus I had other large spinning hard drives for archival purposes in the standard drive bays.

Overall, there is space for four 3.5" (or 2.5" drives with adapters) in the drive bays. Add the 2nd optical drive slot, plus 3 empty PCI card slots and this Mac Pro can hold a total of 8 drives, all of which are inside the (large, heavy) case!

As awesome as the storage management is, this thing is not nearly as fast as any recent Intel Mac and it certainly lags behind the Apple Silicon models. It is so old it doesn’t even have Thunderbolt or USB 3.

USB 3 can easily be solved with a $60 PCI card to add four superspeed ports. I didn’t have a big need for USB3 since I kept so many drives inside the Mac Pro, but it’s nice to know this low-cost option is available. There is nothing that can be done about Thunderbolt, however.

CPU Upgrade Research

I had recalled reading in the past that the Mac Pro CPU might also be upgradeable, but I had never looked into it before. It didn’t take much searching to find out that even a CPU upgrade is pretty easy to do! It is also possible to upgrade a single-CPU system such as this one to a dual-CPU configuration, but that requires an all-new daughter board, which greatly increased the cost enough to make it impractical. But updating the single CPU definitely seemed like an option.

After some initial CPU research I had considered getting an Intel Xeon W3580 3.33 Ghz quad-core (Nehalem), which would be about a 14% speed improvement. At the time when I did this, those CPUs seemed to be going for about $120 or so, making it a worthwhile upgrade cost. I’m sure they are much cheaper now.

I was about to purchase the W3580 when I discovered with a little more digging that the 2009 Mac Pro (MacPro 4,1) is essentially the same as the 2010 and 2012 model Mac Pros (MacPro 5,1). The only difference is those later models have a newer firmware that supports even better processors and allows for sound over DisplayPort to HDMI (not relevant to me).

Updating the Firmware

More research uncovered that it is actually possible to update the 2009 Mac Pro firmware to the one used by the 2010/2012 Mac Pros. This proved to be a little tricky, but easily doable using these steps:

• Boot into safe mode and disable System Integrity Protection (SIP) on OS X 10.11 El Capitan by running this command in the Terminal:
  csrutil disable

• Boot back into your regular account.

• Download the firmware update from Apple and open the DMG to mount it in the Finder.

• Download the (unsupported by Apple) 3rd party Updater Tool to apply this firmware update.

• Run the Updater Tool, which recognized the mounted DMG, rebooted and applied the firmware update.

• Check that everything works and then boot info safe mode and enable SIP:
  csrutil enable

After doing these steps my Mac Pro showed as a MacPro 5,1 model, which meant it could now support better CPUs such as the 6-core Westmere CPUs. Now we’re talking!

The CPU Upgrade

With the firmware updated, I started looking around at other CPUs and found the Intel Xeon W3670 3.2Ghz 6-core for about $120 at Star Micro. This is a little slower clock speed than the W3580, but I’d get two extra cores. It’s also a Westmere 32nm CPU rather than an older Nehalem 45nm CPU. I find that extra cores are valuable, especially with the multiple VMs that I often had running and I was sure they would prove useful with Handbrake and encoding audio and video for podcasts, videos and webinars.

I also found the Intel W3680 3.33Ghz CPU, but it was about $100 more. I decided that was not worth it for the small clock speed increase over the W3670, so I ordered the W3670 along with a few extra things I’d need to do the upgrade:

• A 3mm, 9" long hex wrench to remove the Mac Pro heat sink on the CPU.

• Artic Silver 5 Thermal compound and cleaner for cleaning and attaching the CPU to the heat sink.

You’ll probably want some compressed air as well. After everything arrived, I was ready to do the upgrade.

Before I started, I noted the current CPU temps using iStat Menus. I also ran GeekBench 3 (all numbers are for the 64-bit tests) to note its current speed ratings.

• CPU temp (idle): ~121 degrees F

• CPU temp (encoding Mad Max Fury Road DVD rip): About 24 minutes at 184 degrees F

• Geekbench 3 results: 2255 single-core; 8817 multi-core; CPU peaked at about 150 degrees F

I reviewed lots of steps and watched lots of YouTube videos on how to do this upgrade. The steps that were involved are not complex, but still require some careful work. This are the steps I did:

• Power down the Mac Pro and unplug everything.

• Open the case and slide out the CPU daughter card.

• While I had the case open I decided to remove all the parts to clean out as much dust as possible. I removed the graphics card, the optical drive bay and all the drives.

• I then used compressed air to clean as much dust as possible from the inside of the Mac Pro (especially any fans). The heat sink in particular had lots of dust in it, as did the back side of the daughterboard.

• Once I was happy with the dust removal, I used the hex wrench to remove the heat sink. I loosened the 5 screws in a criss-cross pattern. The screws are self-retained and do not actually come out so you don’t have to worry about losing them.

• I carefully lifted the heat sink off the daughter board.

• I then removed the old CPU from the daughter board by pushing the latch and then raising it to release the CPU cover lock. Then I opened the cover and the CPU lifted right out. I set it aside.

• I took the new W3670 CPU and placed in in the CPU socket (it only fits one way, with the slots lined up), closed the cover and then lowered and locked the latch into place.

• The bottom of the heat sink had residual thermal paste which I then needed to completely remove. I used the removal liquid from the kit and thoroughly cleaned the bottom using a lint-free cloth.

• Then I used the cleaning liquid from the kit and polished the bottom.

• With the heat sink all clean, I added a small (pea-sized) blob of thermal paste to the center of the CPU in the daughterboard. I did not spread the paste as most of my research seemed to suggest that it is best to just let it get spread by the heat sink when it is attached.

• I replaced the heat sink and tightened the screws, again in a criss-cross pattern until they were snug. Do not over tighten!

• I put the daughter-board back into the Mac Pro.

• I put all the other components back into the Mac Pro.

• I hooked everything back up, crossed my fingers and turned the power on.

I got the single chime and it booted to the login screen! Hooray!

After logging in, I first checked the About This Mac to make sure the new CPU was recognized. It showed the 6-core, 3.2Ghz goodness:

Then I checked the CPU idle temp after the computer settled down and it was running about 94 degrees F. This is about 25 degrees cooler than before. The fan noise, not that it is loud to begin with, was much less noticable.

I then ran Geekbench 3 and got these results: 2590 single-core; 14542 multi-core. Temps peaked at about 130 degrees F.

That’s an improvement of about 15% in single-core and 65% in multi-core with lower overall operating temperatures!

Lastly, I encoded Mad Max Fury Road again. This time the CPU reached a maximum of about 179F and it took about 14 minutes for it to finish, a 10 minute savings.

This all looked good so the next step was to do a burn-in, which I did using the Geekbench “stress test” option in the menu³. I chose the 24-hour “burn-in” option. For that the temps were stable at about 170 degrees F.

I am more than pleased with these numbers. For a total outlay of about $130 this was well worth the time (about 45 minutes or so).

Some Speed Comparisons

Of course, this Mac Pro is still significantly slower than newer Macs. Here are some Geekbench comparisons:

• This Mac Pro 3.2Ghz Xeon W3670 (2009): 2590 SC, 14542 MC

• Macbook Air i5 1.3Ghz (2013): 2575 SC, 5146 MC

• iMac i7 4.0Ghz (2015): 4364 SC, 16646 MC

• Mac Pro Xeon E5–1650 3.5Ghz (2013): 3597 SC, 20869 MC

Single-core scores remain much lower than newer Mac models, but the multi-core scores are now competitive.

And if you wanted even more speed from your Mac Pro upgrade, you could go with a better CPU replacement. I felt the W3670 provided the best bang for my buck, but other CPUs seem to have even better performance if you want to spend more⁴:

• W3680 3.33Ghz (~$200): 2754 SC, 15593 MC

• W3690 3.46Ghz (~$255): 2732 SC, 15580 MC

• X5675 3.06Ghz (~$220): 2721 SC, 14744 MC

• X5680 3.33 Ghz (~$220): 2808 SC, 15933 MC

• X5690 3.46Ghz (~$500): 2724 SC, 19644 MC

It seems like the W3680/X5680 would likely be the next best bang for your buck option at about $100 more than the W3670 with 5% faster single-core and 9% faster multi-core.

Other Upgrades

Other possible updates to this Mac Pro include: A newer 480GB SSD ($150–200), a USB 3 PCI card ($60), a Blu-ray drive ($66) and possibly an updated video card with 1GB RAM ($375+). If you wanted to get the best SSD speed possible, an Accelsior E2 (or other PCI-based SSD) is much faster, but expensive.

Used Mac Pro towers prices continue to drop and now that this is so old it might be starting to become a collectable, so if you can find a good deal for one somewhere, and like tinkering on hardware it might be worth picking one up.

1. Sadly this Mac Pro died in 2019, probably a a motherboard failure.

2. Or any other computer, for that matter.

3. Sadly, I don’t this this is available in newer versions of Geekbench.

4. These prices might all be less now than when I wrote this several years ago.